別名
Pro-epidermal growth factor; EGF.
背景
人表皮生長(zhǎng)因子(EGF)是6-kDa的蛋白質(zhì),具有53個(gè)氨基酸殘基和三個(gè)分子內(nèi)二硫鍵,通過(guò)與細(xì)胞表面的同源受體EGFR結(jié)合,可以刺激細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)、分化和存活。EGF在體內(nèi)和體外刺激各種表皮和上皮組織的生長(zhǎng),在細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)中刺激一些成纖維細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)。這刺激配體誘導(dǎo)的二聚化,激活受體的固有蛋白酪氨酸激酶活性。
酪氨酸激酶活性反過(guò)來(lái)啟動(dòng)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)級(jí)聯(lián),導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞內(nèi)多種生化變化——細(xì)胞內(nèi)鈣水平升高,糖酵解和蛋白質(zhì)合成增加,某些基因(包括EGFR基因)表達(dá)增加,最終導(dǎo)致DNA合成和細(xì)胞增殖。
EGF最初被描述為一種在小鼠頜下腺和人尿液中發(fā)現(xiàn)的分泌肽。此后,EGF在許多人體組織和體液中被發(fā)現(xiàn),包括血小板、尿液、唾液、牛奶、眼淚和血漿、頜下腺(頜下腺)和腮腺。最初,人類EGF被稱為尿毒素。
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